Lumpy skin disease and cows

 

Lumpy skin disease and cows

Keywords: Treatment of lumpy skin disease, Lumpy skin disease cattle, Lumpy skin disease symptoms, Lumpy skin disease in Pakistan

Gum disease is a dangerous and contagious viral disease in cattle. High-yielding tribes suffer the most from this, and the disease can cause serious damage to agriculture. To date, the disease is predominant in Asian countries, where it came from the African continent, but its epidemic has already been observed in Russia and some European countries. Any farm must therefore be prepared to combat the sickness.

What is this disease?

Dermatitis is a contagious and viral disease associated with fever, inflammation of the connective tissue and subcutaneous organs. It affects the skin, lymphatic system, mucous membranes, eyes and appears as a blow to the skin and tissues. In infected individuals, the quality of milk deteriorates and its milk yield decreases, it corrodes and becomes sterile.

The cause of the disease is very similar to the cause of smallpox. The virus strains are several: Ethiopian, Turkish, Guinea. Large breeds of cattle and zebu (a subspecies of the wild bull that lives in India) are the most vulnerable to virus attacks.

How cattle are infected

The virus enters the external environment from the peeling of the upper skin layer of a sick animal, from opened purulent tuberculosis, mucous membranes. The bacterium is often found in urine and semen. Even if the disease is hidden or the animal has already recovered, it remains a carrier. Did you know? Cows can pick up lessons from others errors. For example, if one person from a herd gets an electric shock when in contact with a fence and her relatives saw this, then almost all the herd will avoid contact with a fence.

Infections help to spread blood-sucking insects, as well as birds (egras). The disease can also be transmitted through a farmer who has been in contact with a sick person and approaches them healthily through care, food. If the disease affects a herd for the first time, it can paralyze 5–50% of the herd, in rare cases 75–100%.

Form and characteristics

The incubation period of the disease takes 3-30 days, but usually 7-10 days. After this, the disease appears almost immediately in one of three forms, where the precursor period (between culture and the disease as such) is almost absent in the disease.

Sharp

In the initial stage, together with an increase in body temperature up to 40 ° C, the following symptoms are seen:

1. Appetite worsens;

2. Severe tearing and nasal mucosa;

3. Milk becomes pink, thickens and difficult to milk;

4. Lymph nodes are enlarged;

5. 48 hours after the onset of the first symptoms, the skin is covered with dense nodules 0.5–7 cm in a circle, 0.5 cm in height;

6. A few hours after the tuberculosis appears, their fringes, a bench forms in the middle, the skin dies off;

7. After 7–20 days, the tuberculosis can be removed or it disappears on its own and the wound gradually heals;

8. With complications, sores may occur.

 

Did you know? Cows can tell the difference between sweetness, acidity, bitterness and saltiness because they have 25,000 onions in their mouths.

 

Atypical

This form is only seen in newborn calves.

No noticeable changes in the skin;

Diarrhea with symptoms that appear and disappear.

Asymptomatic

Asymptomatic nodular dermatitis does not appear in any way but a sick animal is a carrier. His body also produces virus-neutralizing antibodies.

Analysis

The first infections of the virus in Russia and Europe were recorded in 2015–2016 and were unique. In addition, the disease was acute, so it was easy to suspect and recognize prominent symptoms.

In mainland Africa, an unusual form is quite common, which greatly complicates the diagnosis of the disease. In addition, the clinical picture of congenital skin disease is in many ways similar to some other diseases - smallpox, foot-and-mouth disease.

interval, the main way to diagnose the disease is to diagnose its clinical picture along with several laboratory tests. Important: If the disease is in a particularly severe form, the diagnosis is made on the basis of pathological research.

Pathological changes

In 10% of cases, the course of the disease ends in death. The corpses of dead animals look tired; if a calf dies, it shows signs of dehydration and anemia. Most of all, the mucous membranes, the skin and the surrounding tissue layer are subject to change, they will less often suffer from muscle diseases. The affected areas are covered with bumps, erosion, wounds.

There are areas with dead tissue. If you make an incision in the tuberculosis, its incision will resemble cottage cheese in structure. The fibers under the skin are permeated with exudate, the surrounding tissues are swollen. Lymph nodes become swollen, tuberculous and may be purulent. The vessels are filled with blood and have a thick wall.

In individuals, the lungs look like pneumonia, emphysema or edema, there may be adhesions in the red gland. If you open the bronchi, you can see tuberculosis on their mucous membranes and pus in the alveoli. In the body of a calf, the gastrointestinal tract is primarily affected - the mucous membranes are swollen, covered with erosion, sores. The lymph nodes are enlarged.

 

How to treat

To date, there is no drug that can tolerate the cause of the disease, so all treatment aims to combat the symptoms:

Disinfection of a room where sick persons are, with ethyl, chloroform, alkaline solutions, complaint;

Disinfection of open nodules with disinfectants;

Taking sulfonamides, antibiotics to prevent side effects;

Injections of nitoxy, tetracycline, oleandomycin to prevent pneumonia;

Intravenous injections of novocaine to young animals for intestinal inflammation;

 

Important: Animals can be considered to be recovered if their nodules have disappeared, inflammation has disappeared, the affected area is bald, cracked skin has fallen off and new ones have appeared instead.

If the virus killed about 90% of the livestock on the farm, group treatment is used (disinfectant shower, spray medicine).

You may consume meat and milk.

When the livestock of the cattle improves, the quarantine will be lifted from the farm and appropriate control studies will be carried out, the meat of livestock is suitable for human consumption, as the virus mainly affects the skin and the surrounding tissue layer. In addition, the mumps muscle virus is not dangerous to humans.

Milk is also OK to eat once all restrictions have been lifted. But you can only drink it after sterilization at 132 ° C for 1/4 minute or boiling.

Prevention and vaccination plan

Because the virus is spread by insects, it is very difficult to prevent it from spreading. In addition, the development of immunity takes a long time and lasts only one year. But you can use the sheep pox vaccine to minimize the chances of getting sick.

 

Vaccination is carried out according to the following system:

1. Three-month-old calves receive the first vaccination at 14-day intervals;

2. Each subsequent vaccine is given at annual intervals;

3. If the disease manifests itself, then all the livestock is vaccinated at once, regardless of when it was previously vaccinated.

4. Of the vaccine, you should follow the following conditions for keeping livestock:

5. Do not grow moisture in the barns;

6. As much as possible, keep insects out of the room;

7. Treat livestock and stalls with repellent

8. Do not import animals from disadvantaged areas and without documents;

9. Allow veterinarians to inspect the farm;

10. Perform regular inspections of livestock;

11. Isolate any unwell animals from the others if you find any.

As soon as you suspect that a dermatitis virus has attacked your herd, you should immediately contact your veterinarian and follow the instructions of hygiene and epidemiological services. We must be prepared that we must kill sick animals, as the disease is still poorly understood in the territory of our countries.

Although gonorrhea has been around for about 90 years, it is still poorly understood in European countries. It is quite difficult to deal with and it causes significant economic damage to the estate. Therefore, it is preferable to make every effort to stop it from happening.